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As a Muslim who is a Muslim adult male who is able to accept obligations, a Muslim is obliged to perform Friday prayers. Even if they are working, doing business, studying, and other activities. The obligation to carry out Friday prayers is based on the word of Allah in the Qur'an letter al Jumah verse 9 "O you who believe, when called upon to pray on Friday, then hurry up in the remembrance of Allah and leave trading. Thus it is better for you if you know ".
Lecturer at the Faculty of Islamic Studies (FAI) UM Surabaya Dian Berkah explained that leaving Friday prayers is indeed permissible due to old syar'i reasons such as illness, women and small children. This permissibility is based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad narrated by Abu Dawud number 1067 "Friday prayers are obligatory for every Muslim in congregation except for four people: slaves, women, small children, and sick people".
This includes their ability to leave Friday prayers due to an outbreak of disease such as Covid 19, while traveling. The reason for this traveler is based on a hadith narrated by Bukhari in the book of Tarikh al Kabir juz 2 page 337.
Of course, those who leave Friday prayers because of old syar'i, does not mean they do not pray. Rather, they are obliged to replace it with midday prayers as usual," said Dian Friday (11/25/22)
In contrast to those who leave the Friday prayer without reason. Some are because they don't pray. Some are because they are lazy because of a busy life. There are also those who overslept because they were not taken into account. Including other reasons that are not included in the syar'i reasons mentioned in the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad.
If it is true, they left the Friday prayer on purpose (underestimating it) and not because of an emergency and it is performed three times on Friday, Allah will lock their hearts (HR. Ibn Majah Number 1126 and HR. Abu Daud number 1052), so that they are like people hypocrites (HR. Ibn Hibban number 258).
By looking at the importance of Friday prayers for a Muslim. It is permissible for those who leave it due to old syar'i and replace it with midday prayers. Firmness of sanctions (reply) for those who leave without reason. Appropriately, no Muslim should miss the Friday prayer, let alone three times or more in a row.
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